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蓝箭航天会成为中国的SpaceX吗_我的网站

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Joint research by Chinese and international scientists have found that the rate of long-term Antarctic mass loss has slowed, driven by sea surface temperature anomalies in the remote tropical warm pool, China Central Television (CCTV) reported on Thursday, citing a statement released by the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
The Antarctic ice sheet is one of the major sources of uncertainty in global sea-level rise forecasts. From 2003 to 2024, the Antarctic ice sheet lost an average of approximately 140.5 billion tons each year, CCTV reported.
However, Chinese and foreign scientists have found that the Antarctic ice sheet gained roughly 695 billion tons between July 2021 and April 2023, the largest 22-month mass gain seen in nearly two decades via satellite gravimetry, the Institute of Oceanology, CAS announced on Thursday.
The scientists found out that from 2021 to 2023, sustained heavy snowfall in East Antarctica led to significant increases in snow accumulation, partially offsetting the ongoing ice loss in West Antarctica.
The scientists' research shows that this was caused by tropical ocean-driven atmospheric processes that altered moisture transport pathways and increased snowfall over Antarctica.
The research was conducted by the research team at the Institute of Oceanology at CAS, along with peers from countries including the US, Hungary and Japan. It was published in the academic journal Nature on Wednesday.
According to Wang Yunhe, first author of the research paper and an associate research fellow at the Institute of Oceanology, sea surface temperatures in the tropical western Pacific warm pool remained unusually warm from 2021 to 2023. As one of the regions with the highest sea surface temperatures and strongest heat release into the atmosphere worldwide, changes in this region can reshape atmospheric circulation.
The persistently warmer-than-normal seawater triggered large-scale atmospheric waves.
After reaching the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, the waves reshaped wind patterns and moisture transport pathways. Moisture-tracking simulations show that water vapor from the mid-latitude Indian Ocean fueled heavy snowfall in East Antarctica, leading to a recovery in ice sheet mass.
Observations and climate simulations suggest that such warming events occur roughly once a decade. But these temporary pauses are not enough to reverse Antarctica's long-term ice loss. The West Antarctic ice sheet continues to shrink, while parts of East Antarctica remain increasingly vulnerable to warmer ocean waters melting ice shelves from below and speeding the flow of glaciers into the sea.
The study shows how persistent warming in the tropical warm pool can contribute to the recovery of Antarctic ice-sheet mass, highlighting the role of East Antarctic atmospheric circulation in connecting tropical climate shifts with changes in the ice sheet. The findings point to a previously overlooked climate link between the tropical warm pool and East Antarctica, offering a new perspective on how distant climate systems may shape the continent's future.
Global Times
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二 | 蓝箭航空能否成为中国的SpaceX?本文将从技术路线、商业模式、资本加持和竞争压力四个方面进行分析。一、技术路线上,最难但是最匹配判定蓝箭航天能否对标SpaceX,首要标准在于技术路线。SpaceX的核心技术路线突破集中在三个层面,一是液氧甲烷全流量分级燃烧循环发动机(猛禽系列),二是垂直起降可回收火箭,三是超大运力。这三点上,蓝箭航天在中国商业航天五小龙中独树一帜,与SpaceX最为匹配。
| 技术维度 | 蓝箭航天 | SpaceX |
| 推进剂 | 液氧甲烷 | 液氧甲烷(星舰) |
| 箭体材料 | 不锈钢 | 不锈钢(星舰) |
| 回收方式 | 垂直起降 | 垂直起降 |
| 近地轨道运力(不回收) | 21.3吨 | 22.8吨(猎鹰9号) |
| 设计复用次数 | 20次 | 15-20次(猎鹰9号实际) |
| 发动机循环方式 | 全流量分级燃烧 | 全流量分级燃烧(猛禽) |

三 | 尽管如此,技术路线的先进性,不等于工程化能力的成熟度。蓝箭航空所选择的液氧甲烷路线一定程度上缺乏可借鉴的成熟经验,仍需通过大量试验逐步摸索。

四 | 在这一技术路线完全实现工程化成熟之前,蓝箭航空还必须要承受很长一段时间的高失败风险和高资本消耗。任何一次重大发射失败,都可能导致市场对其技术路线的信心动摇。

五 | 二、商业模式上,造火箭只是起点如果技术路线解决的是能不能做的问题,商业模式解决的就是值不值得做的问题。SpaceX的核心不是火箭制造技术本身,而是其构建了从火箭制造到发射服务到卫星运营到终端应用的完整商业闭环。其星链星座截至2025年已在轨超7,000颗卫星,年收入预计达150亿美元,其发射任务中约70%为星链部署。这种"左手倒右手"的内部循环,使火箭发射从成本中心变为利润中心。在中国商业航天五小龙中,蓝箭航天具备构建类似闭环的潜力。

六 | 蓝箭旗下鸿擎科技主导的"鸿鹄-3"星座计划,拟在160个轨道平面部署共计10000颗低轨通信卫星,是中国首个民营万颗级卫星互联网项目。这种为自家火箭定制卫星的模式,与SpaceX的策略高度一致,通过抢占稀缺的低轨频轨资源,形成内部需求循环,帮助自身从硬件制造商向空天信息服务商拓展。

七 | 然而就目前而言,要实现这一闭环并非易事。根据相关数据,蓝箭航天2025年上半年营收仅3643万元,其中97.96%仍来自单次火箭发射服务。"鸿鹄-3"在轨卫星数量为0颗,要实现从0到1的突破,需要数百亿元级别的资金投入,远超火箭研发的资本需求。

八 | 此外,曾有投资人尖锐地指出,SpaceX星链的高估值得益于美国地广人稀、5G覆盖不足的场景,而中国完善的5G基础设施可能压缩卫星互联网的市场空间。

九 | 加之国家队的GW星座(12,992颗)和千帆星座(15,000颗)在频轨资源、政府订单、标准制定上具有天然优势,在国家队星座加速组网的背景下,蓝箭航空鸿鹄-3的生存空间很有可能快速被压缩。未来若鸿鹄-3推进不及预期,蓝箭将回归单一发射服务商定位,发展前景将面临重估。
| 商业模式维度 | 蓝箭航天 | SpaceX |
| 火箭制造 | ✓(朱雀系列) | ✓(猎鹰/星舰) |
| 发射服务 | ✓(少量订单) | ✓(年均100+次) |
| 卫星运营 | △(鸿鹄-3规划中,0颗在轨) | ✓(星链7,000+颗在轨) |
| 终端应用 | ✗(暂无) | ✓(星链终端+订阅服务) |
| 年收入规模 | ~3,643万元(2025H1) | ~150亿美元(星链2025预计) |
| 自我造血能力 | 尚未形成 | 已形成 |

十 | 2025年12月8日,蓝箭航天递交上市申请前22天,其股东上海科慧将所持股份全部转让,套现2.61亿元。这种"临阵脱逃"的行为,折射出部分早期投资者对高估值可持续性的审慎态度。

十一 | 此外,2026年3月,蓝箭航天因"财务资料过有效期"一度中止审核,虽然属于程序性操作,但结合其高亏损、低收入的财务表现,监管机构对其持续经营能力的审视趋于严格。四、竞争压力上,参与者多且窗口期短目前我国国家星座的组网需求迫切。2025年12月,中国一次性向ITU申报了20.3万颗卫星的频轨资源,而截至2025年底,GW星座在轨仅136颗,千帆星座仅108颗,占总体规划不足1%。

十二 | 按此预计,2026-2028年的发射需求预计年均50-100次,市场规模数百亿元。

十三 | 这也是为什么2026年被称为"中国可回收火箭量产元年",10余款火箭同时冲刺可回收,技术验证的密度和竞争烈度前所未有。这也意味着马太效应将迅速显现,技术成熟度高、运力大、成本低、率先实现稳定回收复用的企业,将获取显著的先发优势,而技术验证失败或周期过长的企业,可能直接出局。对蓝箭航天而言,2026年朱雀三号回收试验是重中之重。若成功,将成为中国首家实现火箭垂直起降回收的民营企业,技术壁垒和估值基础将得到极大巩固;若再次失利,则为其竞争对手提供赶超窗口。小结回到最初的问题,蓝箭航天会成为中国的SpaceX吗?从技术路线看,它是确实最接近的企业,从商业模式上看,它也迈出了关键一步,但从资本与现实的角度看,它仍正走在一条高风险的钢丝上,接下来的任何一次发射与回收都将至关重要。

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